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Thutmose IV
Thutmose IV (sometimes read as ''Thutmosis'' or ''Tuthmosis IV'' and meaning ''Thoth bore him'') was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC. His prenomen or royal name, Menkheperure, means "Established in forms is Re."〔Clayton, Peter. Chronicle of the Pharaohs, Thames & Hudson Ltd., 1994. p.112〕
==Life==
Thutmose IV was born to Amenhotep II and Tiaa but was not actually the crown prince and Amenhotep II's chosen successor to the throne. Some scholars speculate that Thutmose ousted his older brother in order to usurp power and then commissioned the ''Dream Stele'' in order to justify his unexpected kingship. Thutmose's most celebrated accomplishment was the restoration of the Sphinx at Giza and subsequent commission of the ''Dream Stele''. According to Thutmose's account on the ''Dream Stele'', while the young prince was out on a hunting trip, he stopped to rest under the head of the Sphinx, which was buried up to the neck in sand. He soon fell asleep and had a dream in which the Sphinx told him that if he cleared away the sand and restored it he would become the next Pharaoh. After completing the restoration of the Sphinx, he placed a carved stone tablet, now known as the ''Dream Stele'', between the two paws of the Sphinx.The restoration of the Sphinx, and the text of the ''Dream Stele'' would then be a piece of propaganda on Thutmose's part, meant to bestow legitimacy upon his unexpected kingship.〔Peter Clayton, ''Chronicle of the Pharaohs'', Thames & Hudson Ltd, 1994. pp.113-114〕 Little is known about his brief ten-year rule. He suppressed a minor uprising in Nubia in his 8th year (attested in his Konosso stela) around 1393 BC and was referred to in a stela as the ''Conqueror of Syria'',〔Clayton, p.114〕 but little else has been pieced together about his military exploits. Betsy Bryan who penned a biography of Thutmose IV stresses that Thutmose IV's Konosso stela appears to refer to a minor desert patrol action on the part of the king's forces to protect certain gold-mine routes in Egypt's Eastern Desert from occasional attacks by the Nubians.〔Bryan, p.335〕 Thutmose IV's rule is significant because he established peaceful relations with Mitanni and married a Mitannian princess to seal this new alliance. Thutmose IV's role in initiating contact with Egypt's former rival, Mitanni, is documented by Amarna letter EA 29 composed decades later by Tushratta, a Mittanian king who ruled during the reign of Akhenaten, Thutmose IV's grandson. Tushratta states to Akhenaten that:
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